Computing
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The ideas inside the machines we use all day.
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Why common letters get short codes in a ZIP file: Huffman coding
ASCII spends 8 bits on every letter, whether it is a common e or a rare z. In 1951 a graduate student, David Huffman, found a way to give frequent symbols…
How computers fake grey using only black and white dots
Old Mac screens, cheap printers and some modern games can only show two colours: black and white. Yet they still draw soft shadows and smooth skies. The trick…