Computing
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The ideas inside the machines we use all day.
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Why swapping cards at random is not a fair shuffle: Fisher–Yates and the 27 paths
Shuffling three cards by swapping each one with a random card from the whole row looks fair, but it is not. It makes 3 × 3 × 3 = 27 equally likely paths for…
How a Bloom filter says "definitely not" using just a few bits
How can a computer check whether a word is on a huge list using only a few bits per entry? A Bloom filter flips a handful of switches for every word you add…