Economics

Why mild preferences can build a segregated town: Schelling's chequerboard

Grid of blue and orange squares sorted into two large clusters, with a few empty spaces
30seconds
The 30-second version

Nobody in this town wants it split into blue and orange districts. Each household only asks that a few of its neighbours look like it. Yet run the rule and the town sorts itself into neat colour blocks.

This is Schelling's segregation model, from the economist Thomas Schelling, who published it in 1971. Drag the tolerance slider, press Run and watch small preferences add up to a pattern nobody ordered.

Deep dive · 4 min
Deep dive · 4 min

More in Economics

View all →
Why fair coin flips end with one person owning almost everything: the yard-sale model of wealth Give 60 people 100 coins each and let them trade by fair coin flips, with the stake a fixed share of the poorer person's wealth. Nobody has any skill or… Economics4 min read Why a healthy bank can still collapse: Diamond and Dybvig's bank run A bank keeps only a slice of your deposit as cash and lends the rest for years, so it quietly bets that almost nobody asks for their money at once. Diamond and… Economics4 min read Why a country that's worse at everything still gains from trade: Ricardo's comparative advantage How can a country that is worse at everything still gain from trade? Ricardo's 1817 England-and-Portugal example says the answer is not who is faster, but what… Economics4 min read Why two ice-cream vendors end up side by side: Hotelling's beach Two ice-cream vendors share a long beach, and every swimmer walks to the nearer cart. Where should each one park? Drag the carts and watch the dividing line… Economics4 min read Why a free shortcut can make everyone's commute longer: Braess's paradox Build a brand-new road and every commute gets longer. In a town of 4,000 drivers, two routes each take 65 minutes. Add a free shortcut and each driver… Economics5 min read Why the auction winner so often overpays: the winner's curse Why does the winner of an auction so often go home poorer? When a prize is worth the same to everyone, each bidder only has a noisy estimate, and winning means… Economics5 min read